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Poor air quality isn't just an annoyance for residents of the Inland Empire — it's a potential threat to heart health, especially for those already living with cardiovascular conditions. New research from the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reveals how exposure to common air pollutants can increase risks for people with heart disease, bringing a renewed focus on the connection between air quality and heart health.

The Inland Empire, encompassing Riverside and San Bernardino counties, consistently ranks among the most polluted areas in the United States for ozone and particle pollution. Data pulled from the Environmental Protection Agency shows that this region had only 54 "good air days" in 2023, with 59 days deemed unhealthy due to air pollution, highlighting the severity of the issue​.

Understanding the air quality-heart connection

Air pollution contains tiny particles and gases like nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter from car exhaust, industrial emissions, and wildfire smoke. When inhaled, these particles can enter the bloodstream, triggering inflammation and oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system. These pollutants can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, triggering a cascade of effects, including elevated blood pressure, increased risk of arrhythmias, and the development or worsening of atherosclerosis.

“Prolonged exposure is associated with a higher likelihood of heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure. For individuals with pre-existing heart conditions, air pollution can exacerbate symptoms and lead to potentially life-threatening complications,” says Ravi Mandapati, MD, a cardiologist at Loma Linda University Health.

Increased risks for Inland Empire residents

The Inland Empire's geographic location traps pollutants from nearby urban and industrial areas due to wind patterns and surrounding mountains. According to the American Lung Association, this phenomenon creates a "pollution bowl," making it one of the most challenging regions for maintaining good air quality. Despite being less populated than Los Angeles, the region's air quality is often worse due to these factors​. Experts say these poor air quality days may lead to more hospital visits for heart attacks, chest pain, and other cardiovascular issues due to prolonged exposure.

"Over time, regular exposure can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries, high blood pressure, and reduced heart function, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes," Mandapati says.

Practical steps to reduce risk

  1. Monitor Air Quality Daily: Check air quality levels (available via local weather apps or websites). Consider staying indoors as much as possible on days when levels are unhealthy.
  2. Stay Indoors on Poor Air Quality Days: If you have to go outside, try to go out early or later in the evening when pollution levels are lower.
  3. Use Air Purifiers Indoors: Keep windows closed on high-pollution days and use air purifiers to reduce indoor pollutants.
  4. Exercise Wisely: Exercise is essential, but outdoor exercise can expose you to pollution. Consider exercising indoors or choosing times when air quality is better.
  5. Consult with Your Doctor: People with heart conditions should speak with their healthcare providers to understand how to manage their health in poor air quality conditions.

"Taking proactive steps to reduce your exposure to air pollution can make a big difference for your heart health," Mandapati says. "Even small changes in your daily routine can help protect your cardiovascular system and improve your overall well-being."

Loma Linda University International Heart Institute's unique approach to multidisciplinary care brings together doctors across multiple medical specialties to develop comprehensive, personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient's needs, requirements, and overall well-being. Learn more about the services offered.