A child’s heart stops. Would you know what to do?

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are an essential tool in responding to sudden cardiac arrest, a life-threatening condition that can strike people of all ages, including children. Erik Frandsen, MD, a pediatric cardiologist at Loma Linda University Health, explains how these devices work and their importance in emergencies.

What is an AED, and how does it work?

An AED is a portable device that can analyze heart rhythms and deliver an electrical shock to restore a normal heartbeat in cases of cardiac arrest. “It comes with a small computer and adhesive pads,” Frandsen said. “Once the pads are placed on the patient’s chest, the AED assesses the heart rhythm. If it detects an abnormal rhythm, it administers a shock to attempt to correct it and restore normal heart function.”

AEDs provide clear, step-by-step instructions, making them accessible tools in emergencies, including people without medical training.

An AED improves the chances of survival by 50-75% after cardiac arrest, according to the National Institutes of Health.

Can AEDs be used on children?

AEDs can be used on individuals of any age, including infants and young children. Some devices come with pediatric-specific pads, but if not available, standard adult pads can be placed appropriately, such as one on the chest and the other on the back.

When is an AED needed?

According to Frandsen, sudden cardiac arrest in children most often occurs during sports or intense physical activity. “The most common scenarios where an AED is needed are during athletic participation, where a child suddenly collapses on the field or court,” he said.

What causes sudden cardiac arrest in children?

While sudden cardiac arrest can happen unexpectedly, certain conditions increase a child’s risk. Heart muscle diseases, known as cardiomyopathies, and specific arrhythmias are the leading causes. “Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in children,” he said.

What to do when a child collapses

1. Assess the situation: Check if the child is breathing or making gasping sounds.

2. Call 911: Get emergency services en route as quickly as possible.

3. Retrieve an AED:  If another person is present, ask them to locate the nearest AED.

4. Start CPR: “CPR should begin immediately while waiting for emergency responders or an AED,” Frandsen said. “Chest compressions help circulate oxygenated blood to vital organs.”

5. Use the AED: Follow the device’s instructions for pad placement and administering shocks if needed.

“CPR alone can save lives, but CPR combined with an AED increases survival rates significantly,” Frandsen added. “That’s why I recommend everyone get CPR and AED training.”

With proper awareness, training, and access to AEDs, more lives can be saved when every second counts.

LLUCH's Cardiology & Heart Surgery program has been ranked #10 for 2024-2025 by U.S. News & World Report.