woman preparing a GLP-1 semaglutide injection pen at home.

Chief of Pediatric Endocrinology shares when GLP-1 medications may be an option for children with obesity

Childhood and adolescent obesity rates in the United States remain high. In fact, about 1 in 5 children and adolescents in the U.S. have obesity according to the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC).  

With GLP-1 medications growing in popularity, parents of children and adolescents struggling with obesity may be wondering whether these medications are an option for managing their child's health and weight. Sena Cantas Orsdemir, MD, chief of pediatric endocrinology at Loma Linda University Children's Health, explains that for some children and adolescents, they may be. 

What are GLP-1 medications? 

GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) is a naturally occurring hormone that helps regulate appetite, blood sugar, and digestion. 

GLP-1 receptor agonists are medications that mimic the effects of this hormone. According to Orsdemir, they can help regulate appetite and blood sugar and may lead to weight loss. 

"GLP-1 receptor agonists may make you feel full sooner," Orsdemir says. "If you're eating less, you're more likely to lose weight." 

How young is too young to use GLP-1 medications? 

Certain medications in the GLP-1 receptor agonist class are FDA-approved for chronic weight management in adolescents aged 12 and older with obesity. These medications are used along with lifestyle interventions, including healthy nutrition and physical activity. 

Orsdemir explains that for children and adolescents struggling with obesity, medication can be an effective additional tool when lifestyle changes alone are not enough. Treatment may help reduce excess weight and improve obesity-related health conditions 

Weight management may also help reduce the risk of developing or worsening conditions such as: 

  • Type 2 diabetes 

  • Fatty liver disease 

  • Sleep apnea 

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) 

For children and adolescents who achieve meaningful improvements in their health and weight, the benefits can extend beyond the number on the scale. 

"They're happier, not only with their self-image, but also because they can move more easily and participate in physical activities that they may not have been able to do before," Orsdemir says. 

Are there any risks associated with GLP-1 medications? 

Like all medications, GLP-1 medications can have side effects. 

Common side effects include: 

  • Nausea 

  • Stomach pain or discomfort 

  • Constipation 

  • Diarrhea 

More serious but less common side effects can also occur, which is why these medications should be prescribed and monitored by a health care professional. 

As for long-term effects, more research is needed. 

"Since these medications have only recently been approved for pediatric weight management, our long-term data is limited," Orsdemir says. "Current clinical data have not shown an adverse effect on growth or pubertal development but continued monitoring and longer-term studies are important." 

Orsdemir also notes that GLP-1 medications are not a one-stop solution for children and adolescents with obesity. They should be part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes healthy nutrition, adequate sleep, physical activity, and behavioral support when appropriate 

 

Concerned about your child’s weight? Learn more or schedule an appointment at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital.